Toxoplasmosis and Pets: What Owners Should Know

What Is Toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the definitive host, but most infected cats show no symptoms. The concern is mainly for pregnant people and those with weakened immune systems.

How It Spreads

• Cats shed oocysts in feces 3–10 days after first infection
• Oocysts become infectious after 1–5 days in the environment
• Humans are infected by ingesting oocysts from contaminated soil, litter, or undercooked meat—not by casual contact with cats

Lowering Risk

• Scoop the litter box daily (oocysts need time to become infectious)
• Wear gloves for gardening and litter duty; wash hands after
• Keep cats indoors and feed cooked or commercial food, not raw meat
• Cook meat thoroughly and wash produce

Pregnancy Guidance

Pregnant owners need not rehome cats. Have someone else clean the litter box, or use gloves and daily scooping. Routine testing is not required without exposure risk.

Symptoms in Pets

Healthy cats rarely show illness. Kittens or immunocompromised pets may have fever, lethargy, or respiratory signs and need veterinary care.

The Bigger Picture

Cats are convenient scapegoats, but undercooked meat and contaminated produce are the more common human sources.