Hairballs in Cats: Causes, Prevention and Care

What Is a Hairball?

A hairball (trichobezoar) forms when a cat swallows loose hair during self-grooming. Most hair passes through the digestive tract and leaves the body in feces, but some accumulates in the stomach and is expelled by vomiting. An occasional hairball—a few times a year—is normal; frequent hairballs signal an underlying issue.

Why Cats Get Hairballs

Cats groom for several hours each day. Long-haired breeds (Persian, Ragdoll, Maine Coon) and heavy seasonal shedders swallow more hair. Hair that is not passed can clump, especially when digestion is slow or the cat is dehydrated.

Common Symptoms

• Frequent gagging or retching, sometimes producing a cylindrical hairball
• Reduced or refused appetite
• Constipation or difficulty defecating
• A swollen abdomen
• Lethargy and hiding

Prevention

1. Brush Regularly

Brush short-haired cats 2–3 times a week and long-haired cats daily, especially during spring and autumn shedding. This removes loose hair before the cat can swallow it.

2. Use Hairball Remedies

Veterinary hairball pastes and treats contain gentle lubricants that help hair slide through the gut. Use 1–2 times per week as directed on the package.

3. Increase Fiber

A small amount of plain pumpkin or a high-fiber formula supports gut motility and helps hair pass naturally.

4. Encourage Hydration

Fresh water and a flowing fountain promote drinking, supporting digestion and reducing hairball formation.

5. Routine Parasite Control

Intestinal parasites disrupt digestion and raise hairball risk. Follow your veterinarian's deworming schedule.

When to See a Vet

Seek veterinary care if your cat:

• Vomits repeatedly for more than 24 hours
• Refuses food for over a day
• Has a swollen, painful abdomen
• Is constipated for more than 3 days
• Is severely lethargic

A vet may use X-ray or ultrasound to locate a blockage; in rare cases surgical removal is required.