Origins and History of the Xigou

The Xigou, also known as the Chinese Greyhound, is an ancient sighthound breed native to China with a history dating back over 2,500 years. This breed has been highly valued throughout various Chinese dynasties, including the Shang, Zhou, and Qin dynasties, and can be found in numerous tombs and cultural relics, such as the Leshan Giant Buddha, which was carved during the Tang Dynasty.

While some experts speculate that the Xigou is the principal ancestor of all sighthounds today, others believe that modern stock may have been intermixed with greyhounds brought to China by the East India Company in the 18th century. The breed was once used for chasing and capturing prey on the open, flat lands of the Huangtu Plateau but now faces declining numbers due to the government's restriction on hunting rights in the 1950s.

The China Kennel Union (CKU) has classified the Xigou as 'rare' and has been attempting to resurrect the breed since the early 2000s. In 2017, the CKU initiated a DNA collection effort to preserve the breed's genetic diversity, which has resulted in a database of over 500 Xigou dogs.

Appearance and Varieties

The Xigou is known for its lanky and elegant appearance, with males typically standing 61-75 cm tall and females between 58-72 cm at the withers. They possess a long and narrow head, a flat forehead, and drooping ears, along with a slender neck, waist, and curved back that contributes to their speed and agility.

This breed comes in both smooth and long-haired varieties. The smooth-coated Xigou is sleeker, while the long-haired variety has a feathered appearance. The coat colors can range from yellow, black, brown, white, and fawn red, with patterns such as brindles and speckles also observed. The Shaanxi Xigou, for instance, is known for its distinctive red and white coat.

Regional varieties of the Xigou include the Shaanxi Xigou, Shandong Xigou, Hebei Xigou, and Menggu Xigou, each with its unique characteristics and distribution. For example, the Shaanxi Xigou, known for its hunting prowess and loyalty, is mainly found in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province, while the Shandong Xigou is favored for its agility and speed in the more mountainous terrain of Shandong Province.

Temperament and Behavior

The Xigou is a calm and loyal breed with an intelligent and alert demeanor. They are known for their independence, which may sometimes appear as a reluctance to be around others, but this does not diminish their devotion to their owners. The Xigou is also known for its protective nature, often seen as a watchdog.

Despite their sighthound nature, the Xigou generally maintains a low energy level, which makes them suitable for households with less space or those looking for a less active dog. Training should be consistent and patient, as the Xigou can be stubborn at times.

Size and Weight

Males typically weigh between 20-30 kg, while females weigh 20-25 kg. Their size is indicative of their sighthound heritage, with their long legs and slender build contributing to their speed and endurance on the hunt. The Xigou's physical strength and agility are also on display in sports such as lure coursing, where they excel at chasing a mechanical lure at high speeds.

The Xigou's size and strength can also be a double-edged sword. Owners need to ensure they have the proper space and resources to handle this large and energetic breed effectively.

Health and Genetic Considerations

The Xigou breed is not without its health concerns. Some potential issues that may arise include hip and elbow dysplasia, which can cause pain and mobility issues. The incidence of hip dysplasia in Xigous is approximately 15-20%, according to a study conducted in 2019.

The breed's long history of sighthound characteristics can also make them susceptible to heat stress, especially in warm climates. Owners should monitor their dog's comfort and provide adequate shade and water during hot weather. It is also recommended that Xigous be kept in cool, well-ventilated areas during the summer months.

Other health issues that may affect the Xigou include degenerative myelopathy, a progressive disease of the spinal cord that can lead to paralysis, and certain hereditary eye diseases, such as progressive retinal atrophy.

Cultural Significance and Activities

Historically, the Xigou played a significant role in various Chinese cultures and folklore. It is mentioned in Chinese mythology, such as the character Xiaotian Quan, who is depicted as a slender, short-haired white dog. The Xigou Nian Tu, or "Xigou Chasing Rabbit," is a traditional folk competitive activity with roots that can be traced back to ancient times, possibly as early as the 4th century BCE.

This activity involves owners letting their Xigou run free during festivals to chase after rabbits. It is not only a sport but also a display of the Xigou's hunting abilities and loyalty.

Buying and Owning a Xigou

The cost of owning a Xigou should also be realistic. While the breed may be relatively rare and could fetch a premium price, ongoing costs include food, grooming, healthcare, and other essentials. The average annual cost of owning a Xigou can range from $1,500 to $2,500, according to a 2020 survey conducted by the Xigou breed club.

Given the Xigou's temperament, a home with experienced dog owners who can handle a dog with high intelligence and a bit of independent spirit would be a suitable match. Those considering adding a Xigou to their family should research thoroughly, prepare adequately, and understand the breed's cultural and historical background to ensure a happy and fulfilling experience. Potential owners should also be prepared for the breed's potential health issues, including the possibility of needing corrective surgery for dysplasia or managing other genetic conditions.