Origins and Historical Role

The Dutch Shepherd, known as the Hollandse Herder in Dutch, originated as a naturally occurring shepherd's dog in the rural regions of the Netherlands. Their versatility was key to their function, which included patrolling fields and roads, herding flocks to markets, and accompanying them on journeys to common meadows. They were instrumental in keeping hens away from gardens, guiding cows for milking, and pulling milk carts, as well as alerting farmers to strangers. The breed's ability to perform these tasks efficiently was crucial for the farmers and herders of the time.

As farming techniques evolved and sheep flocks dwindled in the early 20th century, the Dutch Shepherd adapted to new roles, including dog training and various service dog jobs such as police, search and tracking, and guiding the blind. Their inherent herding skills continue to be a hallmark of the breed even though they are now rare. The breed's adaptability was further demonstrated during the 1920s when they were used in the Netherlands as messenger dogs during the First World War.

World War II dealt a severe blow to the breed, nearly leading to its extinction. However, post-war breeding efforts, including the introduction of Belgian Malinois and Laekenois dogs, helped diversify the gene pool and preserve the breed. The Dutch Shepherd's resilience and adaptability were instrumental in its survival, as were the efforts of breeders who recognized the value of the breed's unique characteristics.

Breed Characteristics

Standing between 55 to 63 cm (approximately 22 to 25 inches) at the withers, the Dutch Shepherd is a medium-sized dog with an athletic and muscular build. The coat pattern is distinctive, typically brindle, and can be short-haired, long-haired, or rough-haired. The short-haired variety features a hard, close-fitting coat with a woolly undercoat, while the long-haired version has a long, straight, and harsh coat. The rough-haired type exhibits a dense, tousled coat with a woolly undercoat, particularly dense around the head, ears, and feet. This variety's coat texture is reminiscent of a lion's mane, which is a distinctive feature of the breed.

The brindle coat, which is the breed's hallmark, ranges from a near-white sand-color to chestnut red. The coat's pattern can vary from a solid brindle to a roan or piebald, and the color intensity can vary from light to dark, depending on the individual dog.

Dutch Shepherds are known for their intelligence, loyalty, alertness, and independence, which are traits inherited from their herding heritage. They are reliable, active, and have a strong character, making them well-suited for various tasks and sports. Their physical build and agility are also well-suited for their historical roles, including herding and service work.

Temperament and Personality

Dutch Shepherds are characterized by their intelligent and versatile temperament. They are loyal and reliable, displaying alertness and energy that makes them suitable for various roles, from police work to competitive sports. Their independent nature allows them to work independently yet still remain closely connected to their owners. This combination of independence and loyalty is a hallmark of the breed and is evident in their ability to perform a wide range of tasks.

They are neither aggressive nor shy, making them great companions for families and individuals alike. Their strong herding instincts mean they are eager to please and respond well to training, often achieving remarkable results in obedience and discipline. This temperament makes them excellent candidates for dog sports and activities that require intelligence, agility, and a strong work ethic.

Health Considerations

Common concerns include allergies (atopy), masticatory myositis, pannus, cryptorchidism, and inflammatory bowel disease. These health issues can affect the quality of life for Dutch Shepherds and require vigilant monitoring and appropriate veterinary care. Atopy, for example, can lead to itchy skin and discomfort, while masticatory myositis can cause pain and difficulty eating.

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals has reported that hip dysplasia affects approximately 9% of Dutch Shepherds, while elbow dysplasia is present in around 5.5%. In the rough-haired variety, care must be taken to screen for goniodysplasia, a condition that can lead to blindness and is particularly concerning for the breed.

In 2018, the University of Minnesota Canine Genetics Laboratory genetically mapped a new inflammatory and necrotizing myopathy called IM: Inflammatory Myopathy (Myositis), which can lead to symptoms like rear leg stiffness and severe muscle atrophy. A DNA screening test is now available for this condition, providing owners with valuable information for managing their dog's health.

Grooming Needs

According to coat type, grooming needs vary. The short-haired Dutch Shepherd requires occasional combing, particularly during shedding periods. The long-haired variety needs weekly grooming, and the rough-haired type benefits from a weekly brush. Twice a year, the rough-haired Dutch Shepherd's coat should be hand stripped to remove dead hair, a process that requires skill and experience to perform effectively.

Activities and Sports

Dutch Shepherds are an active breed and excel in a variety of dog sports. They participate in dog agility, obedience, rally obedience, flyball, and dock jumping. Their tracking and herding instincts make them adept at sports such as Schutzhund, French Ring, Belgian Ring, mondioring, PSA, and others. In the Netherlands, they are still employed as herders, showcasing their inherent skills and adaptability to their original role.

Internationally, the Dutch Shepherd is renowned for its use in law enforcement under the KNPV program. These dogs are highly sought after for their capabilities in police and military roles, as well as for sports competitions and personal protection. Their intelligence, agility, and trainability make them invaluable assets in these roles.

Registration and Standards

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) oversees the breed standard for the Dutch Shepherd, which is written by the Dutch Kennel Club. The FCI ensures the breed's preservation by protecting its use, keeping, and breeding in member countries. In the United States, the United Kennel Club (UKC) is the registry for the Dutch Shepherd, having published its breed standard in 1995. The UKC's standard reflects the breed's historical roles and current characteristics, emphasizing the breed's versatility and intelligence.

As of 2016, the American Kennel Club (AKC) has accepted the Dutch Shepherd into the Miscellaneous Class and designated the American Dutch Shepherd Association as the AKC Parent Club for the breed. The AKC's FSS database reflects a total of 854 Dutch Shepherds recorded, with 774 of them having three generations listed. This data indicates the breed's growing popularity and the commitment of breeders to maintaining the breed's integrity.

Buying and Owning a Dutch Shepherd

Be prepared to invest in high-quality food, proper grooming supplies, and a consistent training regimen. Owning a Dutch Shepherd is a commitment that requires time, effort, and resources. However, for those willing to provide the necessary care, a Dutch Shepherd can be a rewarding and fulfilling companion.