Origin and Historical Background

The Chinese Shar-Pei, known as "sand skin" in Chinese, originated in southern China and has a history as a property guardian. It was driven to the brink of extinction in the 20th century. Despite a lack of documented origins, the breed resembles ancient guard dogs from the Han dynasty and is believed to be related to the Chow Chow. It is considered a basal breed, predating modern breeds from the 19th century. The breed was first officially recognized in the United States by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1978.

The Shar-Pei's development led to two types: "meat-mouth" and "bone-mouth," differing in mouth fleshiness. In the United States, breeders have created a miniature version, standing up to 40 centimeters tall, focusing on size and increased wrinkles. This version is opposed by many traditional breeders who believe it compromises the breed's true characteristics. The American Kennel Club first recognized the miniature Shar-Pei in 1990.

The breed's unique characteristics include a short and harsh coat, any color except white, and distinctive blue-black tongues, a trait shared with its closest relative, the Chow Chow. The coat can range from brindle to solid black, and the Shar-Pei's almond-shaped eyes are typically dark and deep set.

Breed Description

The Chinese Shar-Pei is a medium-sized breed with an average height of 44 to 51 centimeters and a weight range of 16 to 20 kilograms. Its coat is short and harsh, with solid colors such as black, red, fawn, and cream being common. The breed standard describes features like clam-shell ears, butterfly nose, melon-shaped head, grandmotherly face, water buffalo neck, horse's buttocks, and dragon's legs, all contributing to its unique appearance.

The head is large relative to the body, with a broad, dark muzzle and small, triangular ears set wide apart. The eyes are deeply set into the skin folds on the head, which are a distinctive feature of the breed. Its legs are straight and muscular, and the tail is medium-length and broad, curled over the back, typical of spitz-type dogs. The Shar-Pei's distinctive nose leather, which is thicker than most breeds, is also a hallmark of the breed.

Temperament and Personality

The Shar-Pei is known for its loyal, independent, calm, and alert temperament. It is protective and intelligent, making it a good family pet. The breed's low energy level and low friendliness mean it is not overly social, which can be beneficial for those seeking a less demanding companion. The breed's adaptability is rated as 0, suggesting that it is not well-suited to constantly changing environments or owners who expect high adaptability in their pets.

The Shar-Pei's affection level is also rated as 0, indicating that the breed does not require or prefer constant physical contact. Its child-friendliness is rated as 1, which suggests that while it can be good with children, it is not necessarily the best choice for a family with young children. Its energy level and grooming needs are also rated as none, suggesting minimal exercise and grooming requirements.

Health Considerations

With a life expectancy of around 10.6 years, the Shar-Pei faces several health challenges. A review of over 23,000 records indicated a 7.7% prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Shar Peis, higher than the overall rate of 3.1%. Juvenile onset demodicosis affects 4% of Shar Peis under two years old, compared to 0.58% overall. This condition, which involves the mites causing demodectic mange, can lead to severe skin issues if not treated promptly.

The breed is predisposed to various skin conditions, including allergic skin disease, cutaneous mucinosis, intertrigo, otitis externa, and vasculopathy. Shar Pei fever, a condition with recurring fever and swelling of the hocks, can lead to renal and liver failure due to amyloidosis. Symptoms include fever, swelling, and pain in the hocks, often resolving within two days.

Other health issues include hypothyroidism, a painful eye condition called entropion, Vitamin B12 deficiency, elbow dysplasia, primary open angle glaucoma, and hiatal hernia. A review of over 250,000 elbow scans found a 24% prevalence of elbow dysplasia in Shar Peis over two years old, highlighting the importance of genetic screening in breeding programs.

Breeder Purpose and Registration

The Chinese Shar-Pei is classified as a Non-Sporting breed, reflecting its historical role as a guardian rather than a working dog. Its hypoallergenic flag is set at 0, indicating that it may not be suitable for individuals with severe allergies.

The breed has no specific adaptability, affection level, or child-friendliness ratings, suggesting it may not be the best choice for families with young children or those looking for a highly adaptable pet. Its energy level and grooming needs are also rated as none, indicating a preference for a quieter lifestyle.

Buying and Owning a Chinese Shar-Pei

When considering a Chinese Shar-Pei, potential owners should be prepared for a pet with unique care requirements. The breed's distinctive appearance, combined with its health considerations, requires a commitment to proper care and understanding of its temperament.

Owners should also consider their lifestyle and living situation. The Shar-Pei's low energy level and need for a quiet environment make it a good choice for individuals or families who prefer a more relaxed pet.

• Research breeders with a focus on health and temperament.
• Assess your lifestyle to ensure it matches the Shar-Pei's needs for a quiet, stable environment.
• Understand the breed's potential health issues and be committed to providing a healthy and loving home.