Origin and History

The Briard, known as the Berger de Brie, is a large French herding dog that originated in the Brie region of north-central France. This breed has a rich history, with the first written mention of the shepherd dogs of Brie dating back to 1783. The Briard was initially used for herding sheep and defending them, a role that was particularly important in the open plains where wolves posed a threat. The breed was first showcased in the first Paris dog show in 1863, and the first Briard registered in the Livre des Origines Françaises, the national stud-book, was Sans Gêne in 1885.

In 1897, a breed standard was established, describing two varieties: one with a woolly or sheep-like coat and another with a coat more similar to that of a goat. The woolly type eventually disappeared. The breed society, Les Amis du Briard, was formed in 1909. During the First World War, breed numbers fell as dogs suitable for military use were sent to the front. After the war, the breed society resumed its activities, and in 1954, the Briard was fully recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

As agriculture mechanized and rural populations decreased, the Briard transitioned from a working dog to a companion dog. In the 1970s and 1980s, its numbers increased significantly, reaching a peak of 6364 registrations in 1986. However, disagreements within the association led to its expulsion from the Société Centrale Canine, and a new breed society, the Association du Berger de Brie, was recognized in 1989. In 1996, ten European breed associations in nine countries joined to form the Union Européenne du Berger de Brie.

The Briard's history is also marked by the development of specific coat standards. The breed was initially categorized into two types based on coat texture, with the woolly type, resembling a sheep, being favored for its practicality in the field. The breed's coat, which can be solid black, grey, blue, or fawn, or fawn overlaid with black, has been a subject of careful breeding and standardization over the years.

Historical figures such as Countess de Chambord, who was a breeder of Briards, have contributed to the breed's development. The Countess was known for her dedication to the breed, and her efforts helped to preserve the Briard's unique characteristics and improve its health and temperament.

Breed Characteristics

The Briard is a large, powerful dog with a luxurious long wavy double coat, distinctive beard, and eyebrows that create a peek-a-boo hairdo. The coat is long, no less than 7 cm, and thick and harsh, resembling that of a goat. It may be solid black, grey, blue, or fawn, or fawn overlaid with black. The breed stands at 62 to 68 cm at the withers for males and 56 to 64 cm for females. An unusual characteristic is the double dewclaw on the hind legs, as specified in the breed standard.

The Briard's physical characteristics are not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical. The breed's strong legs and sturdy build make it capable of the rigorous demands of herding, while its thick coat provides protection against the elements. The breed's intelligence and trainability are also evident in its ability to adapt to various roles, from herding to companionship.

The Briard's weight typically ranges from 30 to 40 kg for males and 25 to 35 kg for females, making it a substantial dog that requires a home with adequate space and resources to accommodate its size and energy level.

Temperament and Behavior

The Briard is a loyal and intelligent dog, known for its protective nature. It is confident and courageous, often displaying a devoted disposition. This breed is highly trainable, making it suitable for various activities and roles. However, its energy level is medium, requiring a balance between exercise and rest.

Due to its herding background, the Briard is naturally inclined to herd animals, including children. This behavior can be redirected into positive activities such as agility or obedience training. The breed's intelligence and trainability make it a versatile companion for active families or individuals looking for a dog that can participate in various activities.

The Briard's temperament is also influenced by its socialization. With consistent training and positive reinforcement, the Briard can be a well-behaved and adaptable member of any family.

Health Considerations

The Briard is prone to certain health issues, including congenital hereditary retinal dystrophy, which can lead to blindness. In 2001, gene therapy was successfully used to partially reverse blindness caused by a disease similar to Leber congenital amaurosis in three Briard puppies.

Other potential health issues may include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and bloat. Early detection and management of these conditions can help maintain the Briard's overall health and well-being.

Genetic testing is available for some of these conditions, allowing breeders to make informed decisions about the health of their dogs and the potential for passing on these issues to future generations.

Living with a Briard

Living with a Briard requires a commitment to its care and well-being. The Briard's protective nature may require careful socialization to ensure it is well-behaved around strangers.

The Briard's intelligence and energy level mean that it benefits from mental stimulation as well as physical activity.

Buying a Briard

The cost of a Briard can vary, but it is generally a significant investment due to the breed's unique characteristics and potential health issues. Be prepared for ongoing grooming costs, which can include professional grooming services and at-home maintenance, as well as potential veterinary expenses related to health concerns.

This breed is not suitable for everyone, especially those with limited space or those who prefer a more laid-back companion. Researching the breed thoroughly and visiting with potential puppies can help ensure a successful match.

When purchasing a Briard, it is advisable to acquire the dog from a reputable breeder who can provide health clearances and ensure that the puppy comes from a healthy, well-cared-for background. Rescue organizations may also have Briards available, offering an opportunity to provide a loving home to a dog in need.