Origin and History

The Azawakh is a breed of dog with ancient origins, predominantly raised in the Sahelian zone of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Its name is derived from the Azawagh Valley, which is located in Mali and is the region for which the breed is named. This region is characterized by the Sahel region, known for its desert conditions. The Azawakh's ancestors are believed to have been present in these areas for over 6,000 years.

The breed is more closely related to the Sloughi than the Saluki, although it shares similarities with the Saluki in its type, particularly in its "dry" muscles, which are quite flat, unlike those of the Greyhound and Whippet. This characteristic of "dry" muscles is indicative of the breed's hunting and guarding origins.

The Azawakh has been associated with the nomadic Tuareg people, as well as other ethnic groups such as the Peulh, Bella, and Hausa. These groups valued the breed for its agility and endurance, which were crucial for hunting gazelle and hare at speeds up to 65 km/h (40 mph). The breed's ruggedness and independence are accentuated by the austere environment of the Sahel region, which required dogs capable of surviving harsh conditions.

Appearance and Colors

The Azawakh is a slim and elegant dog, with a bone structure and muscles that show through thin skin. The eyes are almond-shaped, and the coat is very short, almost absent on the belly. The breed's muscle structure is described as "dry," meaning that they are quite flat, which is a characteristic similar to the Saluki. This "dry" muscle structure is not only indicative of the breed's heritage but also contributes to their speed and agility.

Colours permitted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) breed standard include clear sand to dark fawn/brown, red, and brindle, with or without a dark mask. The Azawakh typically has a white bib, tail tip, and white on all feet, which can range from the tips of toes to high stockings. Since 2015, white stockings that go above the elbow joint are considered disqualifying features in FCI member countries, as is a white collar or half collar (Irish marked). This strict color standard is part of the breed's heritage, as it reflects the original markings of the dogs used by the Tuareg people.

In Africa, some conservationists suggest that Azawakhs are found in a variety of colours such as red, blue fawn, grizzle, and rarely, blue and black with various white markings. The American standard used by the AKC and UKC allows any color combination found in Africa, providing a more inclusive view of the breed's diversity.

Temperament and Behavior

The Azawakh is known for its independent nature, loyalty, alertness, and protective instincts. They form an intense bond with their owners and can be reserved with strangers, which is a trait often seen in sighthounds. This breed is also affectionate but can also be aloof, reflecting their desert origins and the need for them to be self-reliant.

They are pack-oriented and form complex social hierarchies. The Azawakh has a high energy level and tremendous endurance, making them excellent training companions for runners. They often dislike rain and cold weather, which reflects their desert origins and their preference for dry, warm climates.

As a pack hunter, the Azawakh is known to bump down the quarry with their hindquarters when it has been tired out. As a guard dog, if they sense danger, they will bark to alert the pack, and they will gather together under the lead of the alpha dog to chase off or attack the predator.

Physical Characteristics

Adult males weigh between 20-25 kg, while females weigh between 15-20 kg. Males stand at a height of 63-74 cm, while females are slightly shorter at 60-70 cm. The breed is large, with a long coat and medium energy levels. The shedding is also medium, and the trainability is moderate, reflecting the balance between their ancient heritage and their adaptability to modern life.

The breed's coat is very short and almost absent on the belly, and their muscles are "dry," which means they are quite flat. Their almond-shaped eyes and elegant build reflect their sighthound heritage, as well as their ability to navigate the challenging environments of the Sahel region.

Breeder Purpose and Recognition

The Azawakh is primarily bred as a hound, serving both as a guard dog and a hunter. The breed is not considered hypoallergenic, as indicated by the hypoallergenic flag set at 0, which means that individuals with allergies to dogs may still experience discomfort when around this breed.

The Azawakh is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and may be registered in the USA via the Federación Canófila de Puerto Rico (FCPR). European FCI clubs and the AKC recognize the FCPR as an acceptable registry. The American Azawakh Association (AAA) is the AKC Parent Club for the Azawakh, ensuring that breeders adhere to a strict standard for breeding practices.

In 2019, the AKC recognized the Azawakh as a member of the Hound group. The breed is also eligible for ASFA and AKC lure coursing and NOFCA open field coursing events, reflecting its natural hunting instincts. This recognition allows owners to participate in events that celebrate the breed's historical purpose and athletic abilities.

Health and Genetics

The Azawakh's health conditions are not explicitly detailed in the reference text. However, like all breeds, the Azawakh is susceptible to certain genetic health issues. These can include hip dysplasia, which is a common condition in large breeds, as well as other sighthound-specific issues such as entropion, a condition where the eyelid rolls inwards and can irritate the eye.

Buying an Azawakh: What to Consider

• Look for a dog with a good temperament, considering the breed's independent and protective nature. This may involve observing the dog's interactions with its handler and other dogs.
• Assess the dog's energy levels and consider whether your lifestyle matches the Azawakh's high energy and endurance.
• Understand the breed's social needs and ensure you can provide a suitable environment for a pack-oriented dog. This may involve having other dogs or ensuring the dog has regular interaction with people and other animals.
• Research the costs associated with owning an Azawakh, including food, grooming, and veterinary care.