Origin and Development

The Maltshi, a small designer crossbreed, originated in the United States. This breed emerged from the crossing of a Maltese and Shih Tzu, two breeds with rich histories. The Maltese, an ancient variety of dwarf, white-coated dog breed, has origins in Italy and is associated with the island of Malta. The modern Maltese is genetically related to breeds like the Bichon, Bolognese, and Havanese. The precise link between the modern and ancient Maltese breeds is not known, but Nicholas Cutillo suggested that the ancient variety might have descended from spitz-type canines, similar to Pomeranian breeds.

The Shih Tzu, on the other hand, is a toy dog breed originating from Tibet. It is believed to have descended from the Pekingese and Lhasa Apso, and was a favorite among Chinese royals during the Ming Dynasty. The Shih Tzu was so highly valued that the Chinese refused to sell, trade, or give any away for years. Empress Dowager Cixi developed a program dedicated to breeding Shih Tzus, and the breed was later brought to Europe and the United States. The Shih Tzu Club of America was founded in 1933, marking the beginning of organized breeding efforts in the United States.

Physical Characteristics

The Maltshi typically weighs between 2.7 and 6.8 kg (6 to 15 lbs) and stands at a height of 20 to 28 cm (8 to 11 inches). This breed is known for its small size, medium-length coat, and high energy levels. The Maltshi inherits the silky coat from the Maltese parent and the sturdy build from the Shih Tzu parent.

The Maltshi's ears are floppy and covered with long hair, and their tails are heavily coated and carried curled over the back. The coat may come in various colors, although white and grey are common. The breed's underbite is a characteristic inherited from the Shih Tzu parent, which can sometimes lead to dental issues if not properly managed.

Temperament and Personality

The Maltshi is known for its affectionate, playful, friendly, gentle, outgoing, and intelligent temperament. They are generally good with children and other pets, making them a great addition to families. The Maltshi's high energy level means they enjoy activities that stimulate their minds and bodies, such as playtime and training sessions.

The intelligence of the Maltshi is a trait inherited from both parent breeds. The Maltese is known for being intelligent and trainable, while the Shih Tzu is also intelligent and capable of learning various commands and tricks. This intelligence makes the Maltshi a suitable candidate for obedience training and agility sports.

Health Considerations

One potential concern is hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint does not fit together perfectly, which can cause pain and mobility issues. Another condition to be aware of is patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place, which can lead to lameness and discomfort.

Since the Maltshi inherits traits from both the Maltese and Shih Tzu, they may also be susceptible to some of the health issues common in those breeds, such as dental problems, skin issues, and eye disorders. For example, the Shih Tzu is prone to entropion, a condition where the eyelids roll inward, and the Maltese can be susceptible to cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy.

Lifespan and Grooming

The Maltshi has a lifespan of 10 to 16 years, which is average for a small dog breed.

The Maltshi's ears should be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent infections, and their teeth should be brushed regularly to prevent dental disease.

Adaptability and Compatibility

The Maltshi is adaptable to various living situations, including apartments and homes with yards. The Maltshi is a great choice for active families or individuals who enjoy taking their dog on walks, runs, or play sessions.

The Maltshi's adaptability also extends to different climates, although they may be more sensitive to extreme temperatures due to their small size. They do well in moderate climates and should be protected from both hot and cold weather.

Breeding and Registry

Breeding standards for the Maltshi are not as strictly defined as for purebred dogs, but breeders often aim to maintain certain physical and temperamental traits. The American Canine Hybrid Club (ACHC) recognizes the Maltshi, and the United Kennel Club (UKC) also recognizes the breed. These registries provide a framework for breeders to follow and for owners to verify the breed status of their dogs.

When breeding Maltshis, breeders should be aware of potential health issues and strive to produce healthy, well-rounded dogs. They should also consider the temperament and compatibility of the parents to ensure that the offspring will be suitable for various living situations.

Buying a Maltshi

Ask the breeder about the dog's lineage, health history, and temperament. It is also a good idea to visit the breeder's facility to see the living conditions of the dogs and to meet the puppy's parents. Reputable breeders will be transparent about their breeding practices and will provide health clearances for both parents.

Be prepared for the costs associated with owning a Maltshi, including the initial purchase price, grooming expenses, and routine veterinary care.

• Research the breeder's reputation and ask for references.
• Request health clearances for both parents, including hip and elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, and eye exams.
• Visit the breeder's facility to see the living conditions of the dogs.
• Meet the puppy's parents and observe their temperament.
• Budget for the long-term costs of owning a Maltshi, including grooming, training, and veterinary care.