Origin and Historical Background

The Italian Greyhound, also known as the Piccolo Levriero Italiano, has its roots in Italy, where it was bred for hunting hare and rabbit. This breed has a storied history, with its origins dating back centuries. The Italian Greyhound has been favored by European nobility and royalty, including notable figures such as Frederick II, Duke of Swabia, and Queen Victoria. The breed's popularity led to its introduction to the United Kingdom in the first half of the 19th century, where it became known as the Italian Greyhound. The breed's association in Britain was formally established in 1900, and the American Kennel Club began registering them in 1886.

The modern Piccolo Levriero's history began in the late 19th century, marked by the first dog shows in Milan and Novara in 1901. Following the First World War, the breed's numbers began to rise, largely due to the efforts of breeders Emilio Cavallini and Giulia Ajò Montecuccoli degli Erri. The breed faced a near-extinction during the Second World War but made a comeback in the 1950s, with the influential bitch Komtesse von Gastuna playing a pivotal role. The breed was officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1956, and the Circolo del Levriero Italiano was formed that same year. From 2011 to 2019, the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana recorded a total of 2557 new registrations of the Piccolo Levriero, reflecting its growing popularity in Italy.

Physical Characteristics

The Italian Greyhound is the smallest of the sighthounds, weighing no more than 5 kg (11 pounds) and standing between 32 to 38 cm (12.6 to 15 inches) at the withers. They possess a deep chest, a tucked-up abdomen, long slender legs, and a long neck. Their head is small, elongated, and narrow, with a high-stepping and well-sprung gait, and a fast gallop. The coat can be solid black, grey, or isabelline in any shade, with white markings permitted only on the chest and feet. This breed has a median longevity of about 14 years, which is slightly longer than the average dog's lifespan of about 12.5 years.

Congenital deafness and cervical intervertebral disc disease are among the neurological abnormalities that can affect this breed. On a positive note, the breed is found to be the least affected by hip dysplasia among 157 breeds studied, with an incidence of 0, according to the Ortheopedic Foundation for Animals in the United States. This makes the Italian Greyhound a relatively healthy breed with fewer orthopedic issues compared to many others.

Breed Purpose and Classification

The original purpose of the Piccolo Levriero was to hunt hare and rabbit, and it is capable of bursts of speed up to 60 km/h (35 mph). Today, the Italian Greyhound is primarily kept as a companion dog. It is classified as a toy breed by the American Kennel Club and the Kennel Club of the United Kingdom, reflecting its small size and delicate build. Despite its sighthound heritage, the Italian Greyhound is not typically used for coursing or hunting activities in modern times. Its elegant appearance and gentle temperament make it a popular choice as a companion for families and individuals seeking a small, affectionate dog.

While the breed retains its sighthound instincts, it is generally not recommended for homes with young children or other aggressive pets. The Italian Greyhound's friendly and gentle nature can be overshadowed by rough play or loud noises, so a calm and quiet household environment is typically recommended for the best compatibility.

Temperament and Personality

The Italian Greyhound is known for its affectionate, gentle, playful, alert, and intelligent temperament. These dogs are generally friendly and make excellent companions for those looking for a small, lively dog. Their intelligence and trainability make them quick learners, and they respond well to positive reinforcement training methods. Consistency and patience are key, as these dogs can be sensitive to harsh correction.

Exposing them to various people, pets, and environments from a young age can help them become adaptable and confident dogs.

Training and Socialization

The Italian Greyhound is highly trainable due to its high level of intelligence, making them quick learners. Positive reinforcement training methods are highly effective with this breed, as they respond well to rewards and praise. Training should be gentle and positive to maintain their confidence and willingness to learn.

Exposing them to a variety of people, pets, and environments from a young age can help them become adaptable and confident dogs. Socialization can also help prevent fear or aggression in response to new experiences or unfamiliar situations.

Grooming and Care

The Italian Greyhound has a fine, smooth coat that requires minimal grooming. Regular brushing once or twice a week is sufficient to keep the coat healthy and tangle-free. Bathing should be kept to a minimum to preserve the coat's natural oils and prevent dryness. Their teeth should be brushed regularly to maintain oral health, and their nails should be trimmed as needed to prevent overgrowth.

Due to their delicate nature, Italian Greyhounds require careful handling, especially during exercise.

Buying an Italian Greyhound

The cost of an Italian Greyhound can vary, but it is generally considered a moderate investment, with prices ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars. The price can be influenced by factors such as the breeder's reputation, the dog's bloodline, and the region in which the puppy is purchased.

Here is a checklist to consider when buying an Italian Greyhound:

• Check for health clearances, including hip and eye exams.
• Meet the puppy's parents to assess their temperament and health.
• Ask about the breeder's experience and the puppy's background.
• Observe the puppy's behavior and interactions with its environment.